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一、 中文摘要
目的:客观综合地评价两种不同治疗方法(舌三针结合醒脑开窍法、常规针刺法)对假性球麻痹构音障碍的临床疗效,探讨舌三针结合醒脑开窍法治疗假性球麻痹构音障碍的临床有效性及实用性。方法:将60例合格受试者随机分为两组,其中研究组进行舌三针结合醒脑开窍法治疗;对照组进行常规针刺法治疗。一个疗程为14天,共治疗两个疗程,采用Frenchay构音障碍评估量表对治疗前、治疗一个疗程、治疗结束后分别进行评分,并对两组患者治疗前与治疗后的低切全血粘度和血浆粘度指标进行比较,再进行临床疗效的评定。结果:1.与治疗前相比,治疗一个疗程及治疗后两组Frenchay构音障碍评估量表评分均有所增高(P<0.01),治疗一个疗程后,研究组评分高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗结束后两组评分无明显差异(P>0.05);2.在血液流变学方面,两组治疗后,低切和高切全血粘度指标均比治疗前改善明显(P<0.01),研究组改善情况好于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组血浆粘度指标比治疗前有所改善(P<0.05),研究组与对照组指标无差异(P>0.05);3.临床疗效方面,一个疗程结束后,研究组总有效率为70%,对照组总有效率为40%,两组疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗结束后,研究组总有效率为86.6%,对照组的总有效率为73%,两组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组痊愈率为36.6%,对照组痊愈率为20%,两组比较,差异显著(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:1.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法(研究组)和常规针刺法(对照组)对假性球麻痹构音障碍均有良好的疗效; 2.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法比常规针刺治疗更能有效地改善假性球麻痹构音障碍的临床症状,且起效比常规针刺治疗起效快; 3.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法治疗假性球麻痹构音障碍具有操作简便,安全有效,起效快等优点,临床上值得推广和研究。关键词:假性球麻痹;构音障碍;舌三针;醒脑开窍法;针刺疗法二、AbstractObjective: objective evaluation of two different treatment methods (tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture/conventional acupuncture)on the effect of dysarthria of supranuclear paralysis. Discuss the clinical validity and practicality of tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture therapy treating dysarthria of supranuclear paralysis.Methods: 60 patients with qualified subjects were randomly divided into two groups, the research group was given tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture therapy; Control group was given conventional acupuncture therapy. A period of treatment is 14 days, a total is two periods. Observe the treatment of dysarthria symptom, score of Frenchay assessment scale before treatment, treatment after a period and after treatment. Compare two groups low shear blood viscosity and PV before treatment and after all treatment.
Results:1. After a period of treatment and after all treatment, Frenchay assessment scale scores of two groups were be higher (P < 0.01) than before. And after a period of treatment the research scores was higher than the control group scores. But after all treatment the research group and control group comparison had no significant difference (P > 0.05);
2.On blood rheology, after all treatment the two groups’ indexes of high and low shear blood viscosity were lower (P < 0.01) than before, and the indexes of research was lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. After all treatment the two groups’ indexes of PV were lower (P < 0.05) than before, but the research group and control group comparison had no significant difference (P > 0.05);3. After a period of treatment, compare clinical curative effect between the research group and control group. The research group’s total effective rate on clinical curative effect was 70% , Control group’s total effective rate was 40%. Two groups of curative effect comparison of curative effect difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The result shows that after a period of treatment, the clinical efficacy of research group was obviously superior to control group. After all the treatment, the research group the total effective rate was 100%, and the control group the total effective rate was 73%. Compare clinical curative effect between two groups, there were no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). the result shows that the two groups’ clinical curative effect were similar. After all the treatment, the research group the cure rate was 36.6%, and the control group the cure rate was 20%. Compare two groups, there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). the result shows that the research groups cure rate was better than control group.Conclusion: 1. Tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture therapy (research group), conventional acupuncture therapy (control group) have good clinical efficacy in treating dysarthria of supranuclear paralysis.2. Tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture therapy was better than conventional acupuncture in improving dysarthria of supranuclear paralysis and has fast effective.3.The therapy of Tri-tongue-acus with pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture in treating dysarthria of supranuclear paralysis is simply, safety and fast effective, deserves depth research and wide spreading in clinical application.Key words: supranuclear paralysis; dysarthria; tri-tongue-acus; pain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture; acupuncture.
3.5.2 对照设计的依据
对照组穴位的选择参考高等中医药院校的教材[5],选取穴位肩髃、曲池、合谷、外关、阳陵泉、足三里、哑门、通里。合谷、曲池、肩髃、足三里均为阳明经的穴位,阳明经为多气多血之经,阳明经气血通畅,正气旺盛则有利于机体的康复;足三里为足阳明胃经的要穴之一,具有调节机体免疫,补中益气,通络化湿,扶正祛邪的功效;外关穴属于手少阳三焦经的穴位,为八脉交会穴之一,通阳维脉,阳维脉维系各阳经,具有溢蓄气血的作用,针灸外关穴具有疏通经络,活血化瘀的功效;通里为手少阴心经的络穴,心开窍于舌,心经的络穴通里系于舌根,对舌部及言语疾患具有远治的作用;哑门为督脉穴之一,督脉具有总督一身阳气之功,早在《针灸甲乙经》就有记载哑门治“舌缓,喑不能言。“针刺哑门具有改善脑部供血,开窍醒脑,促进言语功能恢复的作用。诸穴合用,共奏疏经活络,活血化瘀,调整阴阳气血,开窍醒脑的功效。3.5.3 疗效指标的选择 Frenchay构音障碍评定法是常用的构音障碍评定法。评定内容包括反射、呼吸、舌、唇、颌、软腭、喉、言语可理解度等8大项目,29个分测验,每个分测验都设立了5个级别的评分标准。河北省人民医院康复中心在Frenchay相关项目构音障碍评价法的基础上,做了增补和修改,重新编制了Frenchay构音障碍构音评价量表,其中痉挛性构音障碍主要涉及到发音时间音调、音量及言语等项目。刘若琳[53]等研究Frenchay构音障碍评定量表对于我国脑卒中患者的评定效度,对脑卒中患者和正常人各39例分别由同一评定者用Frenchay构音障碍评定量表进行评定,结果发现脑卒中组的Frenchay量表与Barthel的相关系数为0.727(P<0.001),脑卒中组的各项得分和总分均低于正常组(P<0.01),说明Frenchay构音障碍评定量表对于我国脑卒中患者具有适用性。 血液流变学是一门新兴的生物力学及生物流变学分支,是研究血液宏观流动性质,人体内血液流动和细胞变形,以及血液与血管、心脏之间相互作用的学科。检查项目包括包括全血粘度(高切全血粘度、低切全血粘度),全血还原粘度(全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度)、全血相对粘度(全血高切相对粘度、全血低切相对粘度)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞沉降率、血沉方程K值。血流变的指标对血液粘稠度具有提示意义。血液的高凝状态则极易形成血栓,是脑卒中发病的重要因素,因此血液流变学为脑卒中治疗疗效观察的重要指标。全血低切流变是指在低切变率时血液的粘度。低切变率时,血液形成红细胞聚集体,红细胞聚集体越多,红细胞聚集性越强,血液粘度越高。因此低切全血粘度可以反映红细胞的聚集程度。本研究中低切全血粘度切变率选择为1S-1,此时红细胞的聚集度能够得到完全及真实的体现。高切全血粘度为在高切变率下血液粘度,反映了红细胞的变形能力,高切全血粘度高时,红细胞变形力差,高切粘度低时,红细胞变形好。根据基础研究表明,在切变率达到180-1S时,红细胞开始出现拉破的现象,因此本研究中高切全血粘度切变率选择为100S-1。血浆粘度是影响全血粘度的重要指标之一,血浆粘度的升高则全血粘度必然升高,主要取决于血浆蛋白,尤其是纤维蛋白原,脂蛋白和球蛋白的粘度。3.6 结果分析
3.6.1 临床疗效分析 假性球麻痹是由双侧上运动神经元受损(主要是运动皮质及其发出的皮质脑干束)使延髓运动性颅神经核-疑核以及脑桥三叉神经运动核失去了上运动神经元的支配而发生中枢性瘫痪所致。而针刺对于脑部血液的供给具有改善作用,对于脑部言语区的修复有一定的治疗作用。从治疗的结果可以看出,不管是常规针刺法还是舌三针结合醒脑开窍法对假性球麻痹构音障碍患者症状改善上都有良好的疗效。但舌三针结合醒脑开窍法在治疗一个疗程后,Frenchay构音障碍评定量表的分数显著高于常规针刺组(P<0.05),说明舌三针结合醒脑开窍法的治疗起效快于常规针刺法。在总体治疗效果上,舌三针结合醒脑开窍法的痊愈率为36.6%,总有效率为86.6%;常规针刺法的痊愈率为20%,总有效率为73% 。经比较两组总有效率无显著差异(P>0.05),但舌三针结合醒脑开窍法治疗的痊愈率与常规针刺组具有显著差异(P<0.05),说明舌三针结合醒脑开窍法的疗效更加完全。血流变学的观察的观察结果显示,舌三针结合醒脑开窍法与常规针刺组在治疗后,对患者血流变均有一定的改善作用(P<0.01),在高切及低切全血粘度的治疗上,舌三针结合醒脑开窍法比常规针刺组改善作用更加明显(P<0.05),说明舌三针结合醒脑开窍法对于血细胞的聚集及变形具有更好的改善作用。4.结论
1.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法(研究组)和常规针刺法(对照组)对假性球麻痹构音障碍均有良好的疗效; 2.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法比常规针刺治疗更能有效地改善假性球麻痹构音障碍的临床症状,且起效比常规针刺治疗起效快; 3.舌三针结合醒脑开窍法治疗假性球麻痹构音障碍具有操作简便,安全有效,起效快等优点,临床上值得推广和研究。5. 问题与展望
本课题研究中的针灸治疗方案是基于临床经验总结,对于治疗假性球麻痹构音障碍有较好的疗效。研究结果表明:舌三针结合醒脑开窍法与常规针刺方法比较,具有起效快,疗效完全的优势。但本研究中的关于构音障碍的评定指标存在一定的主观因素,容易造成研究结果的误差。而研究中虽然采用了盲法,但也无法避免患者的心理影响因素,这方面有待解决,对于构音障碍评定采用客观的评定标准也是今后研究中值得思考的问题。另外,本研究中的穴位选择并没有按照病人的疾病不同证型来确定,为保证研究结果的客观性,所有患者根据分组的不同均选用的是同一种针灸处方,故下一步研究可以探讨不同证型的患者对于本针灸处方是否具有不同的临床疗效,以及不同证型的患者针灸处方的制定标准。本研究中病程长短、年龄大小、性别等因素在治疗疗效中的差异并未进行研究,在下一步研究中亟待解决。本研究中,因为时间、经费等因素并未对患者长期疗效进行随访,故两种针刺方法对于患者的长期疗效是否存在还无法肯定,两种针刺方法对患者长期疗效是否存在差异,还有待于进一步的研究。